An Overview of Microbial Life
Evolutionary聽History:进化史聽
Elements:原理,基础聽
Viral聽Structure:病毒结构聽
The聽Tree聽of聽Life:生命树聽
Physiological:生理学的聽
Eukaryotic:真核的聽
Cytoplasmic聽(cell)membrane:细胞质膜聽
Cytoplasm:细胞质聽
Macromolecules:大分子聽
Ribosome:核糖体聽
organic聽molecules:有机分子聽
inorganic聽ions:无机离子聽
rod-shaped聽prokaryote:杆状原核生物聽
organelles:细胞器聽
Archaea:古生菌聽
Nucleus:细胞核(nuclear聽的复数)聽
Mitochondrion(Mitochondrion聽复数)线粒体聽
Chloroplast:叶绿体聽
Metazoans:后生生物聽
Cytoplasmic:细胞质的聽
Membrane:膜,隔膜聽
Endoplasmic聽reticulum:内质网聽
Nucleoid:类核,拟核聽
Nucleolus:核仁聽
Nuclear:核的,细胞核聽
Static:静态的聽
metabolic聽abilities:代谢能力聽
biosynthetic:生物合成聽
genetic聽alterations:遗传改造聽
Genomes聽聽:基因组聽
Chromosome:染色体聽
Circular:环状聽
copy:拷贝聽
haploid:单倍体聽
extrachromosomal:染色体外的
plasmids:质粒聽
conferring:赋予聽
properties:性质,特性聽
Packaged聽聽:包裹的聽
Yeast:酵母聽
Folding:折叠的聽
Packing:包装聽
gene聽expression:基因表达聽
diploid:二倍体聽
cell聽division:细胞分裂聽
mitosis:有丝分裂聽
mitotic聽division:有丝分裂聽
a聽full聽complement聽of聽genes:一整套基因聽
meiosis:减数分裂聽
gametes:配子聽
sexual聽reproduction:有性繁殖聽
Fusion:融合聽
Zygote:接合子,受精卵聽
Sequenced:测序的聽
Phylogeny:系统发生聽
Phylogenetically:系统发生地聽
deduced聽from聽聽从推论出聽
comparative聽sequencing:比较测序聽
Ribosomal聽RNA:核糖体聽RNA聽
barometers聽聽:气压计聽
clinic:临床聽
microbiology:微生物学聽
identical聽copies:相同的拷贝聽
polymerase聽chain聽reaction聽(PCR):聚合酶链式反应聽
aligned聽聽:排列的聽
algorithm:运算法则聽
pair-wise聽comparisons:配对比较聽
Domains:域聽
Lineages:血统,世系聽
Proteobacteria:蛋白细菌聽
Cyanobacteria:蓝细菌聽
Hyperthermophiles:极端嗜热菌聽
Methanogens:产甲烷菌聽
extreme聽halophiles:极端嗜盐菌聽
slime聽molds:黏菌聽
flagellates:鞭毛虫聽
giardia:双滴虫(贾弟虫属)聽
Eukarya聽(eukaryotes):真核生物聽
Morphology:形态学聽
Motility:运动性聽
Mechanism:机制聽
Developmental聽biology:发育生物学聽
Adaptation:适应聽
environmental聽extremes:极端环境聽
Organic聽chemicals:有机化合物聽
Inorganic聽chemicals:无机化合物聽
Oxidizing:氧化聽
Conserved:保存,保留聽
high-energy聽compound:高能量化合物聽
Aerobes:需氧生物聽
Anaerobes:厌氧生物聽
Chemoorganotrophs:化能有机营养生物聽
Chemolithotrophs:化能无机营养生物聽
Phototrophic:光和营养的聽
Pigments:色素聽
major聽nutrient:主要营养聽
Heterotrophic:异养的聽
Autotrophic:自养的聽
Autotrophs;自养生物聽
primary聽producers:初级生产者聽
extreme聽environmental聽habitats:极端环境生境聽
extremophiles:极端环境微生物,嗜极菌聽
hot聽spring:温泉聽
tolerant聽聽:忍耐的聽
pathogenic:致病的聽
Phylum:门聽
Aquifex:产液菌属聽
Thermotoga:栖热孢菌属聽
green聽nonsulfur聽bacteria:绿色非硫细菌
deinococcus:异常球菌属聽
spirochetes:螺旋体聽
green聽sulfur聽bacteria聽紫硫细菌聽
planctomyces:浮霉状菌属聽
phylogenetic:系统发生的聽
depicted:描述的聽
marine:海洋聽
halobacterium:盐杆菌属聽
natronobacterium:嗜盐碱杆菌属聽
halophilic聽methanogens:嗜盐产烷生物聽
methanosarcina:甲烷八叠球菌属聽
thermoplasma:热源体属聽
methanobacterium:甲烷杆菌属聽
methanococcus:甲烷球菌属聽
pyrococcus:火球菌属聽
pyrolobus:热叶菌属聽
methanopyrus:嗜热甲烷菌属聽
thermoproteus:热变形菌属聽
desulfurococcus:硫还原球菌属聽
sulfolobus:硫化叶菌属聽
hyperthermophiles:嗜热细菌聽
halophiles:嗜盐菌聽
acidophiles:嗜酸菌聽
filamentous:丝状的聽
Protozoans:原生动物聽
Motile:运动的聽
Lichens:地衣聽
Diplomonads:双滴虫聽
Trichomonads:毛滴虫,微孢子虫聽
Flagellates:鞭毛虫聽
Ciliates:纤毛虫聽
Green聽algae:绿藻聽
Red聽algae:红藻聽
Fungi:真菌聽
Diatoms:硅藻属聽
Brown聽algae:褐藻聽
Apex:顶点聽
聽